表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫作数词(Numeral)
第四章 数 词
4.1 概述
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫作数词(Numeral).
数词有两种.表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numeral),如one,twelve,ninety-three等.表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral),如 first, ninth, nineteenth等.
4.2 基数词
4.2.1 1-100的基数词
数字
基数词
数字
基数词
数字
基数词
1
one
11
eleven
21
twenty-one
2
two
12
twelve
30
thirty
3
three
13
thirteen
40
forty
4
four
14
fourteen
50
fifty
5
five
15
fifteen
60
sixty
6
six
16
sixteen
70
seventy
7
seven
17
seventeen
80
eighty
8
eight
18
eighteen
90
ninety
9
nine
19
nineteen
100
hundred
10
ten
20
twenty
A. 十位数表示法
根据上面的表格中总结如下:
a. 13-19皆由3-9的基数词加后缀-teen构成.
b. 21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9构成,中间须有连字符"-"
twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three
twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six
twenty-seven twenty-eight twenty-nine
c. 其他的十位数照此类推
thirty-one forty-two fifty-three
sixty-four seventy-five eighty-six
ninety-seven
B. 百位数表示法
百位数由1-9加hundred构成,如包含十位数及个位数,中间用and连接(也可以不用);如只包含个位数,即十位数为零时,则and不可省.
a (one) hundred 100
three hundred 300
five hundred and eighteen 518
C. 千位数的表示法
千位数由1-9加thousand 构成,其后有百,十,个位数的构成方法同前.
a (one) thousand 1,000
six thousand eight hundred 6,800
five thousand eight hundred (and) ninety-eight 5,898
D. 万的表示法
英语里没有"万"这一单位."万"也要用thousand表示.
ten thousand 10,000
E. 十万的表示法
a (one) hundred thousand 100,000
F. 百万的表示法
a (one) million 1,000,000
G. 千万及千万以上的表示法
sixty million 6千万
eight hundred million 8亿
4.2.2基数词的复数
A. 基数词相当于可数名词,可具有复数形式.
six threes 六个3
B. 20至90的数词发生复数变化可以表示年代或表示年龄.
a. 表示年代:
nineteen fifties 20世纪50年代
b. 表示年龄:
a man in his nineties 90多岁的人
C. hundred, thousand 和 million 的复数形式常接of短语,表示不确定数目.
tens of thousands of people 上万人
hundreds and hundreds of times 成百倍
thousands upon thousands people 成千上万的人
hundreds (thousands, millions) of dollars 成百 (千,百万) 美元
注意:表示数量的dozen 与 score用法和hundreds, thousands 相似.即词尾加-s,后接of短语,表示不确定数目.
・I have told you dozens of times.
我跟你说过几十次了.
・They received scores of letters about their TV programs.
关于他们的电视节目,他们收到了大批来信.
4.2.3基数词在句子中的作用
a. 用作主语
・It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
据说13是一个不吉利的数字.
・Three of them joined the school team.
他们中有3人参加了校队.
(如说the three of them则意为"他们3人")
・The hundreds of people came.
那几百人来了.
(通常将hundreds of看作定语)
・Two twos are four.
二二得四.
注意:
1) 出现在句首的数字,一般不用阿拉伯数字,须用英文.
2) 一般情况下,表达10以下的较小的数目时多用英文,表达较大的数目时多用阿拉伯数字.
b. 作表语
・Cooper seemed to be about thirty.
库珀看上去好像三十岁.
・Five times five is twenty-five.
5乘5等于25.
c. 用作宾语
・The shop-assistant wears a nine on her uniform.
那个女售货员的制服上戴着9号徽章.
・It is worth four hundred.
这件东西值400.(等于400 pounds或dollars)
・A fair used to be held here every day that had a seven in it. 过去这里每月逢七有集市.
d. 作定语
・There was more work in the district than one man could properly do, … (The Outstation, W. Somerset Maugham)
这一地区的工作比一个人实际上能做的工作多.
・I have told you a hundred and one times.
我跟你说过多少次了.
注意:在形容词和数词同时修饰名词时,通常数词在前,形容词在后;但当数词和其修饰的名词表示整体概念时,形容词放在数词前面.例如:
・She won two first prizes.
e. 作同位语
・Are you two reading
你们二人在看书吗
・They three joined the school team.
他们三人参加了校队.
f. 作状语
・I hate riding two on a bike.
我不喜欢骑自行车带人.
・Sitting down thirteen at dinner is deemed unlucky in the Western world.
在西方,坐在13号用餐,被认为是不吉利的.
4.3 序数词
现将第1-20的序数词(包括其缩写式)列表如下:
数字
序数词
缩写
数字
序数词
缩写
第一
first
1st
第十一
elenventh
11th
第二
second
2nd
第十二
twelfth
12th
第三
third
3rd
第十三
thirteenth
13th
第四
fourth
4th
第十四
fourteenth
14th
第五
fifth
5th
第十五
fifteenth
15th
第六
sixth
6th
第十六
sixteenth
16th
第七
seventh
7th
第十七
seventeenth
17th
第八
eighth
8th
第十八
eighteenth
18th
第九
ninth
9th
第十九
nineteenth
19th
第十
tenth
10th
第二十
twentieth
20th
4.3.1 英语序数词的构成
A. 第1-19序数词的构成
除first, second与third 有特殊形式外,其余的由基数词加后缀-th 构成.
B. 第20至第90的整十序数词的构成
先将十位数的基数词的词尾-ty 中的-y变为-i, 然后加后缀
-eth, 例如:
twentieth 20th thirtieth 30th fortieth 40th
C. 20以上,100以内的非整十序数词的构成
20以上,100以内的非整十数字构成序数词时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,中间须有连字符"-".
twenty-first 21st thirty-second 32nd
forty-fourth 44th eighty-seventh 87th
D. 整百,整千,整万序数词的构成
由hundred, thousand等加-th, 前面加有关的基数词构成.
(one) hundredth 100th
(one) thousandth 1,000th
ten thousandth 10,000th
(one) hundred thousandth 100,000th
注意:序数词 hundredth, thousandth, millionth, billionth之前的"一"只可用one,不可用a.
E. 多位数序数词的构成
多位数序数词的后位数如包含1-9时,后位数用序数词,前位数用基数词,中间出现零时,须用and连接.
two hundred and first 201st
three thousand two hundred (and) twenty-first 3,221st
4.3.2序数词在句子中的作用
A. 作主语
・The first is better than the second.
第一个比第二个要好.
・The first of October is our National Day.
10月1日是我们的国庆节.
B. 作表语
・She was (the) fourth in the exam.
她考试得第四名.
・She was the third to arrive.
她是第三个到的.
C. 作宾语
・He was among the first to arrive.
他是首批到达的.
・He held up a piece of paper folded into fourths.
他拿起一张折成四折的纸.
D. 作定语
・A third man entered the room.
第三个人进入房间.
・January is the first month of the year.
元月是一年中的第一个月.
・On Friday, the 10th instant, Mr. and Mrs. Cole celebrated their silver wedding-day.
科尔夫妇于本月10日星期五庆祝他们的银婚.
注意:试比较下面的两个相同的基数词和序数词因为在短语中的位置发生变化而产生的意义变化.
the first two chapters 头两章
the two first prizes 两个一等奖
E. 作状语
・When did you first meet him
你什么时候和他首次见面的
・He came second in the race.
他赛跑获第二名.
F. 作同位语
・Who is that man, the first in the front row
前排第一个人是谁
4.4倍数,分数,小数与百分数的表示法
4.4.1倍数
A. 两倍表示法
a. twice表示两倍:
・Twice nine is eighteen.
二九十八.
・This box is twice as large as that one.
这个盒子是那个盒子的两个大.
・This box is twice larger than that one.
这个盒子比那个盒子大一倍.
b. again表示两倍:
・My aunt is as old again as I am.
我姑姑的年龄比我大一倍.
c. double表示两倍
・The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price here.
这里名牌香烟售价经常比正常价高一倍.
B. 三倍表示法
a. triple n. 三倍数
・Eighteen is the triple of six.
十八是六的三倍.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
b. triple a. 三倍的
a triple dose of medicine 三倍剂量的药
c. triple v. 增至三倍,使成三倍
・The farm tripled its profits last year.
农场去年利润增至三倍.(英汉大词典, 陆谷孙)
・His income tripled.
他的收入增至三倍.(英汉大词典, 陆谷孙)
C. 四倍表示法
a. quadruple n.
・80 is the quadruple of 20.
80是20的四倍.
b. quadruple a. 四倍的
・The firm has an annual profit quadruple that of ours.
他们公司年度利润是我们的四倍.
c. quadruple v.(使)成四倍
・They quadrupled output to around 20 million tons. 他们把产量增至2,000万吨左右,是原来的四倍.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
D. 多倍表示法
a. 表示倍数用fold
onefold 仅含一个的,单一的
twofold a. & ad. 两倍的(地)
threefold a. & ad. 三倍的(地)
三以上的倍数类推,即fourfold, fivefold, hundredfold等,其用法同twofold.例如:
a twofold increase 两倍的增加
・He repaid the money twofold.
他加倍偿还了那笔钱.
・The value of the house has increased fourfold since 1939.
房价自1939年以来增加了4倍.
b. 表示三倍或三倍以上可以用基数词加 times
at ten times normal speed 以十倍于正常速度的速度
three times the size of 是……的三倍大
three times as large as 比……大两倍
・Output of coal increased four times (或fourfold).
煤产量增加了3倍.
注意:下列同义句的表达方式不同:
・GDP (gross domestic product) was four times as great as that of last year.
国民生产总值是去年的4倍.
・GDP (gross domestic product) was four times greater that of last year.
国民生产总值比去年增加了3倍.
E. 其他表示倍数的方法见下列各例:
・Three fours are twelve.
三四得十二.
・Three times four is twelve.
3乘4得12.
・How much (或 What) is three times four
3乘4得多少
・This shows a 200% increase over the previous year.
这说明比去年增加200%.
4.4.2分数
A. 分数的构成
表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母用序数词.分子如是1以上,表示分母的序数词须用复数形式.如下表所示:
1/3
2/3
3/5
a (one) third
two thirds
three fifths
B. 特殊分数的读法
a. 1/2 读作a (one) half(不读作one second)
b. 1/4 读作a (one) quarter 也可以读作a (one) fourth
C. 百分数的读法
% 读作per cent
5% 读作five per cent
0.5% 读作 (naught) point five per cent
d. 数学中可都用基数词读, 如:
1/2 读作 one over two
2/3 读作 two over three
注意:复杂的分数多用此读法,如:
17/286 读作seventeen over two hundred (and) eighty-six.
e. 整数与分数之间须用and连接
读作 five and a half
C. 分数的用法
a. 作前置定语时,注意下列写法与读法:
a one-third kilogramme 三分之一公斤
a two-thirds kilogramme 三分之二公斤
注意:分数中如果分子大于或等于二,分母的序数词用复数形式.
b. 由quarter构成的分数相当于名词时,与它相当于形容词作用的写法要求有差异.相当于名词时用不用连字符皆可,相当于形容词时需要有连字符.例如:
three-quarters (three quarters) of a kilogramme 四分之三公斤
a three-quarter kilogramme 四分之三公斤
4.4.3小数
小数读法是:小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同.小数点后则须将数字一一读出.
6.18 six point one eight
2.228 two point two two eight
0.26 naught point two six = nought point two six = zero point two six
4.5数学算式表示法
4.5.1加,减,乘,除算式
8+8=16 Eight plus eight equal(s) sixteen.
9-3=6 Nine minus three is six.
15×15=225 Fifteen multiplied by fifteen is two hundred and twenty-five.
30÷5=6 Thirty divided by five is six.
4.5.2比例与乘方,开方
10:19 the ratio of ten to nineteen
126:3=42 The ratio of one hundred and twenty-six to three equals forty-two.
8的乘方 The square of eight
=3 The square root of nine is three.
=3 The cubic root of twenty-seven is three.
(17-+65/5) -(4×3)=15读作:
Seventeen minus the square root of nine, plus sixty-five over five, minus four times three, equals fifteen.
4.5.3面积表示法
A. 用by表示面积:
fifteen metres by six metres 90米(15米×6米)
B. 用square表示面积:
90 square metres 九十平方米
4.6编号
4.6.1 各类典型编号表示法见下表:
编 号
含 义
读 法
缩 写
Number 8
第八号
Number Eight
No. 8
Line 6
第六行
Line Six
L. 6
Page 18
第十八页
Page Ten
P. 18
Lesson Eight
第八课
Room (No.) 108
108房间
Room (number) one O [ou] eight
No. 8 Wall Street
华尔街8号
Platform (No.) 6
第六站台
Bus (No.) 336
336路公共汽车
Tel. No. 801-8609
电话号码 801-4609
telephone number eight oh one(稍加停顿)four six oh nine
Postcode (或zip code) 10081
邮政编码 10081
4.6.2 时间表示法
4.6.2.1年的表示法:
时间
含义
读 法
1949
1949年
nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine
1800
1800年
eighteen hundred
1808
1808年
eighteen and eight或eighteen hundred and eight
1960s(1960's)
20世纪60年代
nineteen sixties
560 B. C.
公元前560年
five sixty B. C. 或five hundred and sixty B. C.
576 A. D.
(A. D. 576)
公元576年
five seventy-six A. D. 或 five
hundred and seventy-six A. D.
注意:在年的表示法中,A. D.在不会被误解的情况下常可省略.
4.6.2.2月份表示法:
月 份
缩 写
月 份
缩 写
January
Jan.
July
――
February
Feb.
August
Aug.
March
Mar.
September
Sep.
April
Apr.
October
Oct.
May
――
November
Nov.
June
――
December
Dec.
4.6.2.3 时刻表示法
A. 文字表示法:
at six o'clock 在上午六时
at six a.m. 在上午六时
half past six p.m. 下午六时半
(a) quarter past six a.m. 上午六时一刻
(a) quarter to eight p.m. 下午八时差一刻
five to eight p.m. 下午八时差五分
注意:上述的短语中的a.m.都可以写作am, 上述的短语中的p.m.都可以写作pm;美国英语可用after 代替past.
B. 阿拉伯数字表示法:
6.00(英式)或6:00(美式) 读作six
6.28(英式)或6:28(美式) 读作six twenty-eight
C. 以24小时时制的表示法
06.00(英式)或06:00(美式) 读作zero six hundred hours
21.25(英式)或21:25(美式) 读作twenty-one twenty-five
4.7币制表示法
4.7.1英国币制表示法
1p 1便士 读作one penny或one p
6p 6便士 读作six pence或six p
￡5.86为5英镑86便士,读作five pounds eighty-six pence.
4.7.2美国币制表示法
A. 美国常见币制表示法
1c. 1美分 读作one cent 或one penny
$2.26为2美元26美分,读作two dollars twenty six 或two twenty-six.
B. 美国其它币值
nickel = five cents dime = ten cents
quarter = twenty-five cents half-dollar = fifty cents
第四章练习
I. 单项选择题
1. September is _____ month of the year.
A) the ninth B) the nineth
C) ninth D) nineth
2. The Canadians fought in _____ .
A) the World War II B) World War II
C) World War the II D) Second World War
3. This paper-making plant has _____ workers.
A) two thousands B) thousands of
C) two thousands of D) thousands
4. -Could you tell me when the train arrives and leaves
-/tu: tu: tu: tu: tu: tu:/.
This answer must be _____ .
A) 22: 02; 2:02 B) 22: 02; 2:20
C) 1: 58; 2:02 D) 2: 22; 2:02
5. -When were you born
-I was born _____ .
A) on October 12th, 1965 B) in 1965, October 12th
C) on 12th October, 1965 D) 12th on October, 1965
6. When I was _____ , I moved to London.
A) in her fifties B) in my fifties
C) in his fifty D) fifty more
7. -When is your sister's birthday
-It's on Friday, _____ .
A) eighth June B) the eighth of June
C) June eighth D) June of eight
8. Thirty-four _____ three makes a hundred and two.
A) times B) time
C) timed by D) minus
9. Eleven plus _____ fourteen.
A) three is B) three are
C) third is D) three equal
10. The book is _____ thicker than that one.
A) four times B) four time
C) fourth time D) as four times
11. The country has _____ .
A) the population of eight million
B) eight million peoples
C) a population of eight million
D) eight million population
12. Jack has ____ books.
A) two dozens B) dozen of
C) dozens of D) dozen
II. 把下列英语词组译成汉语
13. 8:00 a.m. 8:00 p.m.
14. in 1997 in nineteen nineties/in 1990's
15. three forty-two eighteen to four
16. five inches thick a three-meter-high wall
17. one boy in seven seven percent of boys
III. 把下面的数字用英语表达出来
18. 28% 19. 100%
20. 365 21. 8,574
22. 32,947 23. 4,583,674
24. 25. 3
26. 0.74 27. 4.26
IV. 汉译英
28. 两个半小时 29. 65路公共汽车
30. 电话号码:86572598 31. 六分之五的空间
32. 708号房间 33. 二手自行车
34. 七月中旬 35. 第七任总统
36. 头十名顾客 37. 第25届奥运会
第四章练习答案
I. 单项选择
1-6 ABBCAB 7-12 BAAACC
II. 把下列英语词组译成汉语
13. 上午8:00 下午8:00/20:00
14. 在1997年 在20世纪90年代
15. 3:42 3:42
16. 五英寸厚 一堵三米高的墙
17. 七个男孩中有一个 百分之七的男孩
III. 把下面的数字用英语表达出来
18. twenty-eight percent
19. one hundred percent
20. three hundred and sixty-five
21. eight thousand five hundred and seventy-four
22. thirty-two thousand, nine hundred and forty-seven
23. four million, five hundred and eighty-three thousand, six hundred and seventy-four
24. two-thirds 25. three and five sixths
26. zero point seven four 27. four point two six
IV. 汉译英
28. two hours and a half 29. Bus No. 65
30. Telephone No. 86572598
31. five-sixths of space 32. Room 708
33. second-hand bike
34. the middle of July/the second ten days of July
35. the seventh president 36. the first ten customers
37. the 25th Olympic Games
第五章 动 词
5.1 概述
客观事物在不断地运动变化.动词是反映各种运动变化,表示动作或状态的词.动词有时态,语态和语气等变化.根据动词的语义和功能,动词可分为实意动词,联系动词,助动词和情态动词.实意动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词.根据动词的变化形式,动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词.下面将分类讲述动词的功能和用法.
5.2 实意动词
实意动词有完全的意义,可在句子中作谓语.例如:
・The guard presented arms. (The Outstation, W. Somerset Maugham)
士兵亮出了武器.
・Malcolm craned his neck to see the gate. (The Horse Dealer's Daughter, D. H. Lawrence)
尔科姆伸长了脖子望着大门.
・Auction is a process to raise the value of anything by using a small hammer.
拍卖就是用一把小锤子使任何东西增值的过程.(英汉幽默词典,陈德彰)
5.2.1及物动词
及物动词是指带直接宾语后意义才能完整的实意动词.
a. 后接一个宾语
・They called a special meeting of the Board of Aldermen. (A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner)
他们召集了一次市政委员会特别会议.
・The young doctor looked at her, but did not address her. (The Horse Dealer's Daughter, D. H. Lawrence)
这位年轻的医生看了看她,但是没有对她说话.
・He had slightly emphasised his tone… (A Little Cloud, James Joyce)
他稍微加重了语气…
注意:习惯接一个宾语的及物动词主要包括:accuse, acquaint, acquit, announce, apprise, charge, cheat, convict, convince, cure, demand, deprive, employ, empty, expect, explain, heal, inform, impoverish, inquire, introduce, notify, persuade, purify, recognize, regard, remind, require, relieve, rid等.
b. 后接双宾语
・Can you show me the book you mean
把你说的那本书给我看看好吗 (英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
注意:
1) 有些动词在接双宾语时,其间接宾语可转换成介词to 引导的短语.这类动词主要包括:accord (给予), allow, cause, give, leave, lend, loan, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, teach, tell, throw, write 等.
2) 有些动词在接双宾语时,其间接宾语可转换成介词for 引导的短语.这类动词主要包括:build, buy, choose, cook, find, make, order, play, pour, save, sing等.
5.2.2不及物动词
不及物动词从功能意义上是指不可以带宾语,如果要带宾语, 必须通过介词的实意动词.从语义上是指不带宾语意义就完整的实意动词.例如:
・…when the stranger was due to arrive… (The Outstation, W. Somerset Maughham)
…当这位陌生人要到达的时候……
・Mists fled before the rising sun.
日出雾散.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・He flushed with shame.
他因感到羞耻而脸红.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
注意:有些动词用作及物动词和不及物动词意义不同,现将这类动词归纳如下:
例 词
及物动词意义
不及物动词意义
account
认为
解释
beat
打败
跳动
blow
吹响; 吹奏
吹, 刮风
call
命名, 号召
拜访, 访问
cheat
欺骗, 哄骗
欺诈, 作弊
draw
提取, 引起
打成平局
escape
避开, 免除
逃跑, 泄露
head
带领
朝…行进
manage
经营, 管理
设法对付
mind
照顾, 照管
介意, 在乎
miss
失掉, 惦记
未击中
move
使感动, 提议
搬家, 进展
point
增强
削尖
press
按, 强迫
紧迫
propose
建议, 推荐
求婚
reflect
表达, 考虑
反射
run
管理, 经营
跑
shoot
射中, 打猎
开枪, 射击
touch
触犯, 感动
接触
5.2.3实意动词构成的常用成语及常用短语
adapt …to 使适应于
adjust … to 使适应于
be absorbed in 专心于
have/gain access to 可以获得
accommodate sb. with 给某人提供……
account for 解释,说明
take sth. into account 考虑
accumulate a fortune 积蓄钱财
accuse sb. of sth. 指控
charge sb. with sth. 指控
become/be accustomed to 习惯于
be acquainted with 认识,碰过面
acquaint sb. with 通知,告知,使某人了解
act as 充当
act on 对……起作用
be addicted to 沉溺于,醉心于
adhere to 坚持;黏附在……上,忠于,追随
take advantage of 利用……, 乘……
come of age 成年,满法定年龄
alienate…from 与……脱离
allow for 考虑到
draw an analogy between 把……作类比
appeal sb. to do sth. 呼吁做某事
apply to sth. 适用于
apply for sth. 申请
meet one's approval 使某人满意,得到某人赞同
approve of 赞许(批准)某事
approximate to 近似……; 接近……
arise from 由……引起
arrest sb. for sth. 因……而逮捕某人
guard against arrogance 谨防骄傲自满
ascribe sth. to sb./sth. 把某事归于某人(或某事)
assert oneself 坚持自己的权力
assess ... on /upon ... 向……征收(税款,罚款等)
assign sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
associate ... with ... 把……与……联系起来
assure sb. of sth. 使某人相信
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信
smash /break sth. to atoms 将某物打得粉碎
be attached to 附属于
attain one's goal 达到目的
attract one's attention 吸引某人注意
attribute ... to 归因于
be authorized to issue the
following statement 受权发表下列声明
avail oneself of 利用
ballot for (against) 投票赞成(反对)……
ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
bank with 把钱存……
bank on/upon 依靠,依赖,信任
bare one's heart/soul 说心里话
bargain with 与……讨价还价
block a street with a
barricade 用障碍物阻塞街道
set up barriers between ...
and ... 在……之间设障
batter sb. about 痛打某人
battle for 为……而打仗
bear with 忍受
behave oneself 规规矩矩
leave behind 留下,忘掉
be beloved by/of 为……所爱
benefit from 从……中受益
make a bet on 在……上下赌注
bid some money for sth. 出钱买某物
pay a bill 付账
blame sb. for sth. /blame sth.
on sb. 把……归咎于某人
blaze up 燃烧;勃然大怒
blend (in) with/into 与……调和,使掺和在一起
be blessed with 幸运地得到,享有
blink one's eyes 眨眼睛
block one's way 挡住……去路
blow one's top 大发雷霆
blush with/for sth. 因……而害臊
enter into a bond with 与……缔约
bounce off (out of ) one's
chair 从椅子上跳起来
brand sth. on one's
mind / memory 铭记在心(记忆中)
break through 突破,突围
bring about /lead to 导致
brood over 仔细考虑/笼罩在……上
bump against (into) 碰撞
bunch (up) together 挤在一起
bundle off 把……打发走
mind one's own business 不要多管闲事
butter sb. up 阿谀,奉承
campaign for sth. 为……而进行活动
hold a candle to the devil/su 徒劳,白费
carry on 继续进行
carry out 实行,贯彻
carry through 完成
cash in on 靠……赚钱
cater for (to) 迎合于
center attention on sth. 把注意力集中在某事上
leave the chair 闭会
take a chance 冒险
take one's chance 碰运气
chase after sb. 追求某人,追赶某人
check in 住进,登记到
check out 结账走人
cheer on 为……喝彩
cheer up 为之一震,高兴
cherish a hope that 抱有……希望
chew on /upon sth. 咀嚼,[喻] 想一想,考虑
chop down 砍下,砍倒
chop at 向……砍(去)
claim on sth. 要求
clasp one's hands 握手(十指交叉握着)
cling to 坚持
be coated in /with 被…… 盖(罩)上
break a code 破解密码
coincide with 与……一致
collaborate with 与……合作
combat for 为……而战
commend sb. to (向……)推荐某人(做某事)
commit a crime 犯罪
seek common ground 求同
communicate with sb. 与某人联系
compare with 与……相比
compare… to… 把……比作
compensate sb. for 由于……而赔偿某人
compete with sb. for sth. 为得到……与某人竞争
complain against 控告
complain of (about) sth. 诉说
comply with 遵守
compress sth. into 把……压进……,把……压缩成
compromise with sb. on sth. 在某事上向某人妥协
conceive of sth. (as...) 想象(成……),设想出(成……)
concentrate on/upon 集中于……,专心于……
confine oneself to the facts 以事实为限
be confirmed in one's faith 信仰更坚定
conflict with 与……冲突
conform to 遵守,遵从
be confronted with 面临,面对
consent to sth. 同意某事
consist of 由……构成
consist in 存在于……
constrain sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
contest with (against) 与……对抗
contribute to 捐助……,有利于……
cope with 处理, 应付
correspond to 相当于
count on 指望
crash into 撞上
criticize sb. for sth. 因……而批评某人
cross out 删去, 取消
cut up 切细, 切碎
dart a glance 飞快的瞥一眼
date from 从 (某一时期) 起始
meet the deadline 在截止期限内做完某事
deal with 与……做生意, 对付
fall into decay 衰退, 衰败
deceive sb. into doing 骗某人做某事
dedicate oneself to 献身于……
deduce from 从……推断
deliver sb. from ... 把某人从……解出来
depart for 出发去
depend on sb. to do 指望某人做某事
deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
derive from 起源于, 取得
descend from 从……(降) 下去
describe ... as ... 把……描绘成
deviate from 背离……, 离开
differ from 与……不同
disguise from 对……掩盖……
dispose of 处理, 除掉, 破坏
dispute with sb. about sth. 与某人争论某事
distinguish from 辨别出……与……
distract sb. from (doing ) sth. 使某人……分神
diverge from 与……不同 (分歧)
divert ... from 使……转向
be divorced from 与……离婚
dock at 在……靠岸
dominate over 占优势
dream of doing 梦想做某事
drop out 退出, 退学
dwell on 细想, 详述
ease one's pain 减轻痛苦
take effect 实施, 生效
eliminate the false and retain
the true 去伪存真
be enchanted with (by) 被陶醉
enforce sth. on sb. 迫使某人做某事
be engaged in 忙于, 从事于
be engaged to 与……订婚
entitle sb. to do sth. 给某人做某事的权力
be equipped with 装备……
exceed in 在……方面突出
exert oneself to do sth. 尽力去做……
be expelled from 被……开除
exploit one's office 营私舞弊
exploit a coal mine 开采煤矿
extract ... from 从……中取出, 从……中摘录
keep an eye on 照看, 密切关注
face up to 面对, 对付
fall behind 落后
fancy doing 想象做某事
feel like doing 想要
feel one's way 摸索着走
filter ... through ... 用……过滤……
finish with 售完, 断绝关系
flare up 突然地燃烧起来
be flattered by (at) 对……感到高兴
flatter sb. on sth. 向某人奉承某物
fly into a rage 勃然大怒
focus ... on 使……集中于
try one's fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财, 致富
lay the foundation for 为……打基础
frighten sb. into doing 吓唬某人做某事
fulfil one's promise 履行诺言
make fun of 取笑
furnish sb. with sth. 供给某人某物
gasp for 渴望
gasp out 气喘吁吁地说
give away 捐赠, 捐献, 泄露
gladden sb.'s heart 使某人开心
glance at (over, through) 看了一眼, 看一下
glare at 怒视某人
grant a favour 答应帮忙
grieve at (for, over) sth. 对……悲伤
guarantee sb. against sth. 保证某人不受……
guard against sth. 留心某事
hasten (sb.) to do 催促某人做……
hate to do/ doing sth. 讨厌做某事
head for 驶向, 走向
hide sth. from sb. 瞒着某人某事
keep house 管理家务
keep the house 呆在家里不出门
identify ... with 把……与……等同,
和……打成一片
idle away (one's time) 消磨时光
idle about 闲逛, 没事干
be immersed in 全神贯注于
have an impact on 对……有冲击作用
impose sth. on/upon 把……强加于……上
impress sb. with ... 给某人留下……印象
impress on 在……上打印
be inclined to do sth. 倾向于做……
be indulged in 沉迷于
be inferior to 低于……, 不如……
inform sb. of /about sth.. 告诉某人某事
inject sb. with ... 给某人注射……
inquire into sth. 调查, 查问某事件
insure sb. against sth. 确保某人不会
integrate with ... 与……结合
integrate ... into... 使……并入……
interfere in 干涉, 干预
interfere with 防碍, 阻止
invest ... in ... 投资于……, 买……
be /get involved in ( doing)
sth. 卷入……, 一心做……
label ... as ... 把……. 称为
lack for 缺…… (多用于否定句)
lag behind 落后
lay out 安排,布置; 陈列, 展示;
设计, 制定
lead to 通向, 导致
leak out 消息泄露,走漏风声
leave behind 留下, 忘记带
let alone 不干涉; 更不用说
be loaded with 被装上
be located in 位于 ……
long for 渴望
look into 调查
lose one's temper 发脾气
lump together 合在一起
major in 主修,专攻
make up for 补偿, 弥补
match ... for ... 与……相匹配
mist over 被雾覆盖
mix up with 把……和……混淆在一起
mourn for / over sb. 哀悼某人
nail one's eye on sth. 盯住某物看,目不转睛
notify sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
object to sth. 反对某事
observe on sth. 评说某事
be occupied in 正在做某事
be offended with sb. for sth. 因某事而对某人生气
be offended at sth. 因某事而生气
operate on 给……做手术
be opposed to 反对,违反
owe ... to 把……归功于
keep pace with 与……齐头并进
be packed with 被充满
participate in 参加
pass away 消失, 消亡, 去世
pass out 失去知觉
pay attention to 注意
persist in doing sth. 坚持做某事
phase in 逐步采用
phase out 逐步淘汰
pierce into /through 刺入
pile up 累积, 积聚
play a part / role in 在……起作用
pluck up one's courage (虽害怕仍)鼓起勇气
plunge in 投入,跳入,猛刺
plunge into 跳入,使陷入,突然冲入
think poorly of 瞧不起
pose as 冒充,假装
be possessed of 具有,握有
pray for 为……祈祷
press for 紧急要求
exert pressure upon 对……施压
prevail over 战胜,压倒
propose to sb. 向某人求婚
pull in (车)停下,到站
pull off 成功, 将车靠到路旁
pull out 离站,撤离,抽出
pull up 停下
pull through (使)活下去,恢复健康
pump up 抽出
put off 推迟,延期
put out 熄灭,公布,发布
put up with 容忍,忍受
puzzle over 苦想
range from ... to ... 从……到……范围内变化
reach for 伸手去够,伸手拿
reason with 说服,劝服
reason out 推断出(答案)
reckon ... as 把……看作
recommend to 交付,托付
recover from 从……中恢复
refer to 查阅,涉及,提到
reflect on /upon 仔细考虑
relieve sb. of 使某人免于,帮助某人解决
rely on / upon 依赖,依靠
remind sb. of / about sth. 使某人想起,提醒,某人
render an account 付账, 还账
replace ... with /by 以……取代……
reply for 代表……回答
reply on 回答,答复
represent ... as 把……描绘成
represent to 向(某人)表示,交涉
live up to one's reputation 名副其实
reserve for 替……保留,留作……之用
reside in 住在(后跟城市)
reside at 住在(后跟地址)
resign ... to 委托,交给
resign oneself to 听从,顺从,甘受
be resolved to do sth. 决心做某事
resort to 利用,求助于,诉诸
respond to 有反应,起作用
restrict ... to... 把……限制在……,仅限于
result from 由……造成,因……而产生
revenge on (sb.) 向(某人)报复,报仇
revolt against 反抗,造反
roll in 大量涌进,滚滚而来
roll out 压平,碾平
roll over 打滚,使翻滚
roll up 卷起(袖子等)
make room for 为……让出地方,腾出地方
be rooted in 起源于
root out 根除,杜绝
rule over 统治,管理
rule out 排除
run across 偶然碰见
run into 偶然遇到,共计
run out of 用完
run through 挥霍,匆匆看过
run for 竞选;逃走,逃
sacrifice oneself for 为……而牺牲
safeguard ... against 预防……事故
save up 储蓄,贮存,节省
scrape against 擦过
search into 调查,探究
seat oneself, be seated (正式用语)坐下
see to 注意,留心,照料
send for 派某人去请(某人),取(某物)
serve the needs of 满足……的要求
shrink (back) from 退缩,往后退
sing sb.'s praise 衷心赞美某人,歌颂某人
sink in /into 渗入,陷入
sit back 舒适的倚坐在椅子上
sketch sth. out 草拟
slide over 轻轻带过某事,点到为止
smooth over 掩饰,调停,平息
sort sth. (out) 分类,整理
specialize in 搭配,专政,专门研究
speculate on /upon /about 思索,推测,推想
speed sth. up 加快速度
spin out 延长,使延续
split sth. (up) into ... 把……分开成……
squeeze ...out 挤出,榨出(水, 汁)等
stack sth. up 把某物(整齐地)堆,码起来
stand by 袖手旁观;待机,准备行动;
援助,支持
stand for 代表
be starved of/starve for 渴望,急需,迫切需要
stem from 产生,源自
stick in 陷住,卡住,动弹不得
stick to sb./sth. 忠于,坚持,坚守,维持
stir up 搅起,搅拌
submit (oneself) to sb./sth. 顺从,服从
subscribe to sth. 订阅
succeed to sth. 继承
commit suicide 自杀
sum up 总结,归纳
be supposed to 被期望,要求;应该;
(用于否定句)不被许可
sweep down 突然猛袭
thread one's way through 挤过,走过
go through (with) 结束,做好,完成
throw off 摆脱,除去
trade ... for ... 用……换……
triumph over 战胜……,击败……
wait on / at 服侍,服务,伺候就餐
want for /in 缺乏,不足
watch out ( for sth.) 当心,注意,监视
wear away 是磨损,变磨损
wear out 使变旧,耗尽,
使(某人)精疲力竭
weep out 边哭边说出
wink at 向……眨眼睛
yield to sb./ sth. 让步,屈服
5.3联系动词
联系动词在句子中通常担任谓语动词, 连接主语和表语, 表语对主语进行说明, 使主语具有一个完整的概念.联系动词可以分别表示状态,表示转变以及表示维持原状.例如:
・That thing which is rare is dear.
物以稀为贵.(英语谚语词典,徐守勤)
・They got killed in the war.
他们在战争中丧命.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・He looked bewildered. (The Chrysanthemums, John Steinbeck )
他看上去不知所措.
5.3.1表示状态的联系动词
表示状态的联系动词主要包括:be, seem, appear, look, sit, hold等.它们在句子中和实意动词一样有人称,时态和数的变化.例如:
・The verdict appears just.
判决看来似乎公正.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・They sit cross-legged.
他们盘腿而坐.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・He asked me to hold still.
他要求我别动. (英汉大词典,陆谷孙 )
5.3.2表示转变的联系动词
表示转变的联系动词主要包括:get, grow, become, fall, come, go, run, turn等, 他们在句子中同样有人称,时态和数的变化.例如:
・The sun grew hot.
太阳变得炙人.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・The tadpole becomes a frog.
蝌蚪长成青蛙.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・The door came open.
门开了.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
5.1.2.3表示维持原状的联系动词
表示维持原状的联系动词主要包括: keep, remain, stay等.
・How long will this milk keep
这牛奶能保鲜多久 (英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・He ate much but remained lean.
他吃得很多,可依旧很瘦. (英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・He remained lost in thought.
他陷入久久的沉思.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙 )
5.4 助动词
助动词本身不能单独使用,因为助动词本身没有独立的词义,必须和普通动词结合在一起才可以使用.助动词帮助普通动词构成各种时态,各种语态,各种语气,肯定句,否定句,疑问句,强调句.
助动词根据其作用可以分为基本助动词,时态助动词,语态助动词和情态助动词.
5.4.1基本助动词
基本助动词包括do, have, be.它们可以直接用于现在一般时和过去一般时,提到句子最前面,形成疑问语气,或者在其后加否定词形成否定语气,或用于句中形成强调语气.因而可以把他们看作是基本助动词.这三个基本助动词可以构成多种语气.例如:
A. 陈述语气
普通的陈述句不需要助动词,下面的例句是关于一种特殊的带有的强调语气的陈述语气―强调语气.
・I did go, but she wasn't in.
我确实去过,可她不在家.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
・Rarely does he come in before ten o'clock.
他难得在十点钟前回家.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
B. 否定语气
・"No, I have never had confidence and I'm not young." (A Clean Well-lighted Place, Ernest Hemingway)
"不, 我没有信心并且我也不年轻了."
注意:both, every, all 后面使用助动词加not形成部分否定意义.常见的部分否定句式如下:
Both+助动词+not+实意动词: 并不是两个都做了某事;
All+助动词+not+实意动词: 并不是所有的人都做了某事;
Every+助动词+not+实意动词:并不是每一个人都做了某事.
C. 疑问语气
・How do you find conditions in America (Babylon Revisited, F. Scott Fitzgerald)
你发现美国那里的情况怎么样
・Have you (got) any free time today
今天你有空吗 (英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
D. 否定疑问语气
・Why didn't you let him stay and drink (A Clean Well-lighted Place, Ernest Hemingway)
你为什么不让他留下继续喝酒呢
E. 祈使语气
普通的祈使语气不需要助动词.下面的例句是一个特殊的祈使语气 ― 带有强调语气的祈使语气.
・Do be careful!
一定要当心!(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
F. 虚拟语气
・Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.
不管他是朋友还是敌人,根据法律他是个罪犯.(英汉大词典,陆谷孙)
5.4.2时态助动词
时态助动词包括have, be,shall和will.其中shall和will用于构成将来时态.have用于构成完成时态,be用于构成进行时态,由have, be, shall, will 以及它们的时态变化形式,或单独使用或叠加组合可以构成英语中的常用的十四个时态.英语中的十六个基本时态除现在一般时,过去一般时的主动语态的肯定句以及几个固定短语表示将来含义外,其他时态都需要由助动词辅助构成.例如:
・You will be able to play football again better than ever.(In Another Country, Ernest Hemingway)
你的足球将比以往踢得还好.
・Detectives are now searching the house in Browater Gardens and your daughter's flat. (Justice, Tim Vicary)
警官们正在搜索堡沃特花园和你女儿的公寓.
・I think there has been foul play. (Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde)
我想这里有阴谋.
・I knew it would be a good one because Tom's plan are always crazy and excitng. (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain)
我明白这会是一个出色的计划,因为,汤姆的计划总是既疯狂又兴奋.
5.4.3语态助动词
be是构成被动语态最常用的助动词,因此可以被称为语态助动词.被动语态的主要构成形式是由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成的.例如:
・That slave is locked up again and he's going to stay there.(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain)
那个奴隶又被锁起来了,他要待在那儿.
・At this table was seated Uncle Tom, Mr. Shelby's best hand. (Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe)
桌前坐着汤姆叔叔 ― 谢尔贝先生的左膀右臂.
5.4.4情态助动词
情态助动词共有十二个: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, dare, need用于表示说话人对言语中的动词所表示的状态或动作的看法或者态度.例如:
・At dinner he couldn't decide whether Honoria was most like him or her mother. (Babylon Revisited, F. Scott Fitzgerald)
晚餐的时候他还不能确定奥娜丽亚是喜欢她的妈妈还是喜欢他.
・How can anybody count on that (Babylon Revisited, F. Scott Fitzgerald)
谁能指望那个
・"He can't marry. He can't marry," he said angrily. (In Another Country, Ernest Hemingway)
"他不可以结婚.他不可以结婚,"他生气地说.
5.5动词的基本形式
动词共有四种基本形式: 动词的原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词:
形式
原形
过去式
现在分词
过去分词
例
词
规则动词
play
played
playing
played
hurl
hurled
hurling
hurled
twist
twisted
twisting
twisted
不规则动词
do
did
doing
done
have
had
having
had
be
was, were
being
been
5.5.1规则动词的基本形式的构成
通常情况下,规则动词的现在分词在动词原形后加-ing;过去式和过去分词在动词原形后加-ed.但有下列复杂变化:
A. 现在分词的构成
a. 以-e 结尾的动词, -e前是除-i以外的字母,去掉-e加-ing:
hide ― hiding
b. 以-ie结尾, 改-ie为-y, 再加 -ing:
tie ― tying, die ― dying
c. 以一个除-x以外的辅音字母结尾,且重音在最后一个音节上, 双写该辅音字母后再加-ing:
admit ― admitting
d. 以 -ap, -ip结尾,即使重音不在最后一个音节上,也双写结尾的辅音字母, 再加 -ing:
worship ― worshipping
B. 过去式和过去分词的构成:
a. A.以-e 结尾的动词, e前是除i以外的字母, 直接加-d:
hope ― hoped
b. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 变y为i, 再加-ed:
try ― tried
c. 以一个除x以外的辅音字母结尾,且重音在最后一个音节上, 双写该辅音字母后再加-ed:
dip ― dipped
d. 以 -ap, -ip结尾,即使重音不在最后一个音节上,也双写结尾的辅音字母, 再加 -ed:
worship ― worshipped
5.5.2不规则动词的基本形式
A. 常见的原形,过去式,过去分词三个形式完全相同的不规则动词:
bet, burst, cast, cost, hit, hurt, let, put, set, shut, split, sweat, thrust, rid, shed, spread, knit, quit, wed, read
B. 过去式和过去分词相同的不规则动词
a. 常见的过去式和过去分词相同的不规则动词
awake - awoke - awoke bend - bent - bent
bind - bound - bound bleed - bled - bled
breed - bred - bred bring - brought - brought
build - built - built burn - burnt - burnt
buy - bought - bought catch - catch - catch
creep - crept - crept deal - dealt - dealt
dig - dug - dug dream - dreamt - dreamt
feed - fed - fed feel - felt - felt
fight - fought - fought find - found - found
hang - hung - hung have - had - had
hold - held - held keep - kept - kept
kneel - knelt - knelt lay - laid - laid
lead - led - led learn - learnt - learnt
leave - left - left lend - left - left
lend - lent - lent light - lit - lit
lose - lost - lost make - made - made
mean - meant - meant meet - met - met
pay - paid - paid say - said - said
seek - sought - sought sell - sold - sold
send - sent - sent shine - shone - shone
shoot - shot - shot sit - sat - sat
sleep - slept - slept slide - slid - slid
smell - smelt - smelt spell - spelt - spelt
spend - spent - spent stand - stood - stood
stick - stuck - stuck teach - taught - taught
tell - told - told think - thought - thought
win - won 0 won understand - understood - understood
b. 其它过去式和过去分词相同的不规则动词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
behold 看,看见,注视
beheld
beheld
beseech 恳求,哀求,乞求
besought
besought
cleave 砍开,劈开;穿过,钻进
cleft
cleft
cling 黏着,缠着;坚持
clung
clung
dwell 居住,生活于,存在于
dwelt
dwelt
fling 扔,抛,丢下,使突然陷入
flung
flung
gild 给…镀金,使生辉
gilt
gilt
grind 碾碎,磨光,磨损,压迫
ground
ground
rend 撕裂,分裂,划破,困扰
rent
rent
sling 用投石器(或环索)投掷(石块)
slung
slung
slink 偷偷摸摸地移动;扭捏招摇地走路
slunk
slunk
spill 使溢出;使散落;使跌下
spilt
spilt
spin 纺;(蚕等)吐(丝);编造
spun
spun
spit 吐出;厉声说出;(火炮等)喷火
spat
spat
spoil 损坏,毁掉;破环…的兴致;宠爱
spoilt
spoilt
sting 刺,蜇,叮;刺痛,刺激
stung
stung
sweep 清扫;扫视;在…迅速传播
swept
swept
swing 摇摆,摇荡,挥动手臂瞄准
swung
swung
weep 哭泣;悲叹;缓慢地流下液体
wept
wept
wind 弯曲前进,迂回
wound
wound
wring 搅(出),拧(出)
wrung
wrung
C. 常见的动词原形和过去分词形式相同的不规则动词:
become ― became ― become
come ― came ― come
overcome ― overcame ― overcome
run ― ran ― run
D. 原形和过去式形式相同的过去分词:
beat ― beat ― beaten
本章只作为动词的入门知识介绍, 后面的章节里还会详细讲解助动词和情态动词, 在这里就不一一列举用法了.
5.6常见的动词词缀的意义
A. -clude = close 关闭,结束
conclude 终结 exclude 拒绝,排除
include 包括 preclude 阻止
B. -vade = go, walk 行
pervade 遍及,弥漫 invade 侵入
evade 逃避
C. -suade=urge 力劝,力促
persuade 说服 dissuade 劝阻
D. -trude=thrust 力推
extrude 逐出,逼出 intrude 闯入,侵入
protrude 伸出,突出
E. -gress=go, step 进行,前进
progress 前进 aggress 攻击,侵略
regress 后退
F. -press=press 压,
express 表达 impress 给…留下印象
suppress 镇压 oppress压迫,虐待
depress 压下,令人沮丧
G. -pel=drive 驱使
compel 强迫,强制 expel 逐出,驱逐
impel 推进 propel 推动,推进
repel 逐退,驱逐,拒绝
H. -mit=let go, leave 允许去,释放; send 送
admit 准入,承认 commit 委托,委任,犯(罪)
intermit 终止,中断 omit 省去,略去
permit 准许,许可
I.-ify=make or become
classify 分类 beautify 美化
personify 拟人化 simplify 简化
purify 使纯净,精制 signify 表示,有重要性
justify 证明……有理 (或正确)
J. -ize=make 使; become 变成;engage 从事
generalize 普遍化 civilize 使文明
realize 认识,了解 equalize 使平等
fertilize 使肥沃 specialize 特殊化
popularize 使普遍 emphasize 强调
analyze 分析 memorize 记忆
criticize 批评 sympathize 同情
apologize 道歉
K. -sist 或-xist=stand 存在,持久
exist 生存 insist 坚持
persist 坚持 consist 包括
L.-sume =take 获取,取,认为
assume 假定,担任 presume 假定,担任
consume 消费,消耗 resume 再开始,重获
M. -ceive =take, accept 获取,承认
receive 接收 perceive 知觉,认知
conceive 构想 deceive 欺骗
第五章练习
I. 将下列各词转化为动词
1. class 2. beauty 3. person
4. simple 5. pure 6. justice
7. general 8. equal 9. special
10. popular 11. memory 12. rich
13. courage 14. danger 15. force
16. large 17.title 18. apology
19. slave 20. critic
II. 单项选择
21. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _____ studying. (2002年1月四级题)
A) does B) had
C) was D) did
22. There has been a great increase in retail sales, _____ (2002年6月四级题)
A) does there B) isn't there
C) hasn't there D) isn't it
23. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _____ comfortably. (2000年1月四级题)
A) is worn B) wears
C) wearing D) are worn
24. One day I _____ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college. (1998年1月四级题)
A) came across B) came about
C) came after D) came at
25. There was a big hole in the road which _____ the traffic. (2002年1月四级题)
A) set back B) stood back
C) held up D) kept down
26. Our hopes _____ and fell in the same instant. (2001年6月四级题)
A) aroused B) arose
C) raised D) rose
27. A season ticket _____ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time. (2001年6月四级题)
A) grants B) promises
C) entitles D) presents
28. The Car Club couldn't _____ to meet the demands of all its members. (2001年6月四级题)
A) ensure B) guarantee
C) assume D) confirm
29. Extensive reporting on television has helped to _____ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.(2001年6月四级题)
A) gather B) generate
C) assemble D) yield
30. Eating too much fat can _____ heart disease and cause high blood preassure. (2001年6月四级题)
A) contribute to B) attribute to
C) attend to D) devote to
III. 用动词的适当形式填空
Charlie 31 (direct) his taxi to the Avenue de I'Opera, which 32 (be) out of his way. But he 33 (want) to 34 (see) the blue hour spread over the magnificent facade, and imagine that the cab horns, playing endlessly the first few bars of Le Plus que Lent, were the trumpets of the Second Empire. They were 35 (close) the iron grill in front of Brentano's Book-store, and people 36 (be) already at dinner behind the trim little bourgeois hedge of Duval's. He 37 never (eat) at a really cheap restaurant in Paris. Five-course dinner, four francs fifty, eighteen cents, wine 38 (include). For some odd reason he 39 (wish) that he 40 (have).
第五章练习答案
I. 将下列各词转化为动词
1. classify 2. beautify 3. personify
4. simplify 5. purify 6. justify
7. generalize 8. equalize 9. specialize
10. popularize 11. memorize 12. enrich
13. encourage 14. endanger 15. enforce
16. enlarge 17. entitle 18. apologize
19. enslave 20. criticize
II. 单项选择
21-25 DCBAC 26-30 DCBBA
III. 用动词的适当形式填空
31. directed 32. was 33. wanted
34. see 35. closing 36. were
37. had eaten 38. included 39. wished
40. had
第六章 动
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